- 美国网友:中国食物这么油,为啥肥胖率远没美国高
- 发布时间：2023/5/29 阅读次数：2595 字体大小: 【小】 【中】【大】
美国的肥胖率可以说也是世界级别的了，在成年人当中有着40%的人都是胖子。要是按照中国人的体重审美来算的话，这个比例估计还要增加不少。大部分去过美国的游客除了感叹美国的经济发达外，另一个感受就是美国的胖子真的多，大街上随处观望一番就能看到不少胖子的身影。而且在美国，每年因为肥胖而导致一些疾病，造成死亡的人数有着数十万。就此，美国网友问：中国的食物这么油腻，但为什么中国的肥胖率远没有美国高？这引起各国网友的围观和热议，我们看看他们的观点。
海外网友安东尼•斯考克的回答
Firstly, real Chinese food is not so greasy, and the fake Chinese food you eat in your country is not what Chinese people eat.
首先，真正的中国菜不会那么油腻，你在你们国家吃的假中国菜不是中国人吃的。
Second: Component control. Chinese people only eat a small portion during meals, so they don't eat snacks all day.
第二:分量控制。中国人在吃饭的时候只吃一小份，就这样，他们不会整天吃零食。
Chinese food eaten in popular Chinese restaurants in the United States is always very greasy because Americans like it.
在美国受欢迎的中餐馆里吃的中餐总是很油腻，因为美国人喜欢。
In China, they eat more vegetables and fish, and less meat. The meat and
vegetables they eat are cooked, steamed, and stir fried, rather than
fried or fried with a lot of oil.
在中国，他们吃更多的蔬菜和鱼，少吃肉，他们吃的肉和蔬菜是煮的，蒸的和清炒的，而不是油炸或炒很多油的。
Moreover, what you think is greasy is only the "oil" you can see, in
fact, salad dressing, cream, meat, butter, these are all fats, as well
as excessive sugar in coffee, bread, and desserts.
而且，你认为油腻的只是你看得见的“油”，实际上，沙拉酱，奶油，肉，黄油，这些都是油脂，以及咖啡、面包和甜点中过量的糖。
For Western cuisine, just a layer of cream on a vegetarian salad
contains more calories and fat than most Chinese dishes. Chinese cuisine
only adds some vegetable oils, which are mostly left on the plate and
do not enter the human body. In China's staple food Mantou, the
ingredients are only flour and water, without additional butter and
sugar·····
对于西餐来说，仅仅是素食沙拉上的一层奶油就比大多数中餐含有更多的卡路里和脂肪。中餐只添加了一些植物油，大多数时候它们会留在盘子里，不会进入人体。在中国的主食馒头中，配料只有面粉和水，没有额外的黄油和糖·····
In short, being greasy is not just the "oil" you can see, Western food
is 100 times more greasy than Chinese food, which is a true fact.
总之，油腻不仅仅是你能看到的“油”，西餐比中餐油腻100倍，这是千真万确的事实。
Most Western countries have high obesity rates. This includes
industrialized Western countries such as Mexico and Brazil. The answer
to this question was widely known 25 years ago, and can be found by
searching on Google in two seconds.
大多数西方国家的肥胖率都很高。这包括正在工业化的西方国家，如墨西哥和巴西。这个问题的答案在25年前就已经广为人知了，在谷歌上搜索两秒钟就能找到。
The human brain has evolved on the African savannah to cope with the
constantly changing food insecurity environment. Our brains are
naturally addicted to finding and eating all available foods. A
physiological and habitual diet requires a long evolutionary process,
and our brain cannot adapt in such a short period of time.
人类的大脑在非洲大草原上进化，以应对不断变化的食物不安全环境。我们的大脑天生就沉迷于寻找和吃掉所有可用的食物。生理性的、习惯性的节制饮食需要漫长的演化过程，我们的大脑无法在这么短的时间内适应。
So, when we have something to eat, we will force ourselves to eat.
Because we always have something to eat, we become fatter and fatter. We
are born to do this. In the United States, high nutrient and
high-density foods are both cheap and ordinary, and unlike other
countries, the government does not intervene to change public behavior.
We do not have universal medical insurance as any means of assistance.
We also have a sedentary lifestyle, with long working hours, longer
commuting hours than most people, high life pressure, and fewer
opportunities for exercise. For the first time in history, the number of
deaths caused by excessive food exceeded that of famine.
所以，当我们有东西吃的时候，我们就会强迫性地吃。因为我们总是有东西吃，我们变得越来越胖。我们天生就会这么做。在美国，高营养和高密度的食物既便宜又普通，与其他国家不同，政府不会介入改变公众的行为。我们没有全民医保作为任何帮助的手段。我们还有久坐不动的生活方式，工作时间长，通勤时间比大多数人长，生活压力大，锻炼的机会少。历史上第一次，过多的食物导致的死亡人数超过了饥荒。
Of course, I also agree that some Chinese food is very greasy. But if
this is your impression of all Chinese cuisine, you may have ordered the
wrong dish or gone to the wrong restaurant. The traditional cooking
methods of authentic Chinese cuisine include steaming, boiling, and
frying, which actually consume less oil.
当然，我也同意有些中国食物很油腻。但如果这是你对所有中国菜的印象，你可能点错了菜，或者去错了餐馆。正宗中国菜的传统烹饪方法包括蒸、煮和煎，这些方法实际上消耗的油更少。
in addition, I believe there are other factors that contribute to
obesity. Take fast food as an example. McDonald's, KFC, and other
American fast food chains have entered China, leading to an increase in
fast food consumption (FFC). Research has shown that... fast food
consumption can be associated with obesity risk, including some reports
that there is a positive correlation between fast food consumption and
obesity in China.
除此之外，我认为还有其他因素导致肥胖。以快餐为例。麦当劳、肯德基和其他美国快餐连锁店进入中国，导致了快餐消费(FFC)的增长。研究表明………可以将快餐消费与肥胖风险联系起来，包括一些报道快餐消费与中国肥胖之间存在正相关。
Here is an interesting fact: in the United States, it is reported that
37% of American adults eat fast food every day. In China, this number is
7%.
这里有一个有趣的事实:在美国，据报道37%的美国成年人每天都吃快餐。而在中国，这个数字是7%。
Other factors include:
其他因素包括:
Diet: Chinese food in China usually has one or two courses of dark green
leafy vegetables, such as spinach or bean sprouts. This meal usually
ends with a plate of fruits, such as orange slices or watermelon. There
may also be a bowl of red bean soup, but usually no cake or pie is
provided as a dessert;
饮食:在中国的中餐通常会有一两道菜深绿色叶蔬菜，如菠菜或豆芽。这顿饭通常会以一盘水果结束，比如橘子片或西瓜。也可能会有一碗红豆甜汤，但一般不会提供蛋糕或馅饼作为甜点;
Weight: The weight in the United States is much larger. I remember
ordering soup and salad at a restaurant in San Diego recently, thinking
it would be a delicious light lunch. The sandwich filled the entire
plate. Put the soup in a large bowl. The concept of 'value adjustment' -
buying more food for one dollar - is problematic: the more food you
eat, the more likely you are to eat.
份量:美国的份量要大得多。我记得最近在圣地亚哥的一家餐馆点了一份汤和沙拉，以为这将是一顿美味的清淡午餐。三明治塞满了整个盘子。汤装在一个大碗里。这种“价值调整”的概念——用一美元买到更多的食物——是有问题的:你吃的食物越多，你可能吃的就越多。
The good news is that as China's wealth continues to grow, malnutrition
is no longer a problem. The bad news is that 23% of the population is
now considered overweight (even higher in cities with many fast food
restaurants).
好消息是，随着中国财富的不断增长，营养不良已不再是一个问题。坏消息是，23%的人口现在被认为身体超重(在有很多快餐店的城市，这一比例甚至更高)。
美国网友戴维的回答
I'm not sure these statistics are 100% correct, because obesity rates in
other countries and regions are also high, but I agree that obesity in
the United States is a huge problem.
我不确定这些统计数据是100%正确的，因为其他国家和地区的肥胖率也很高，但我同意美国的肥胖是一个巨大的问题。
I lived and taught in West Virginia for a period of time. It is the
state with the highest obesity rate in the United States. My daughter is
a doctor in this state. Here are some of the reasons I have observed.
我有一段时间在:西弗吉尼亚州生活和教书。它是美国肥胖率最高的州。我女儿是本州的一名医生。以下是我观察到的一些原因。
1. A sedentary lifestyle - This seems to have been a habit since
childhood, especially in videos and computer games. I have taught
several children who are as tall and fat as them. The children are not
playing outdoors as they used to be. I even have children sit on benches
during breaks to chat, rather than using this time to burn energy. I
really find it difficult to understand why a student sits in the
classroom all morning and doesn't want to release pent up energy during
breaks
1.
久坐不动的生活方式——这似乎从小就养成了习惯，尤其是视频和电脑游戏。我教过几个和他们一样高一样胖的孩子。孩子们不像以前那样在户外玩耍了。我甚至会让孩子们在课间休息时坐在长椅上聊天，而不是利用这段时间消耗能量。(我真的很难理解为什么一个学生整个上午都坐在教室里，而不想在课间休息时释放被压抑的能量。)
2. Lack of nutrition knowledge and dietary diversity - My daughter, as a
family doctor, can tell you about misconceptions in nutrition. People
believe that fried chicken is a "weight loss food" because it is
chicken; People are not aware that beverages contain calories, they
drink waves all day long and believe that calories only exist in solid
foods! In addition, the size of the portion and nutritional balance are a
mystery for them. In addition, the only foods they consider to be
"vegetables" or side dishes are potatoes, corn, boxed macaroni, cheese,
and non branded Stovetop fillers, which contain the most carbohydrates!
2.
缺乏营养知识和饮食多样性——我的女儿，作为一名家庭医生，可以告诉你营养方面的认知误区。人们认为炸鸡是“减肥食品”，因为它是鸡肉;人们没有意识到饮料含有卡路里，他们整天喝激浪，认为卡路里只存在于固体食物中!此外，分量大小和营养平衡对他们来说是一个谜。此外，他们唯一认为是“蔬菜”或配菜的食物是土豆、玉米、盒装通心粉、奶酪和非品牌的Stovetop填料，里边却含有最多的碳水化合物!
3. Food addiction - People rely on the dopamine response caused by sugar
and carbohydrates to feel good. Washington State is not so proud to be
rated as the state with the worst quality of life and one of the states
with the highest rates of obesity and opioid addiction, so food
addiction can also become a problem.
3. 食物成瘾——人们依靠糖和碳水化合物带来的多巴胺反应来感觉良好。华盛顿州不那么自豪地被评为生活质量最差的州，也是肥胖和阿片类药物成瘾率最高的州之一，所以食物成瘾也会成为一个问题。
4. Food quality - American food stores have a large number of processed and "convenient" foods.
4. 食品质量——美国食品店有大量加工食品和“方便”食品。
5. Access to healthy food - Many parts of the world are 'food deserts'. I
remember my husband and I were camping deep in West Virginia and buying
groceries was very difficult. The "agricultural products area" of the
store only has some light green lettuce, some pink tomatoes, cabbage,
and corn ears. However, there are many little Debbie snacks, cakes, and
soda water. Some people only have convenience stores nearby.
5. 获取健康食品——世界上很多地方都是“食物沙漠”。我记得我和我丈夫在西弗吉尼亚深处露营，买杂货很难过。商店的“农产品区”只有一些淡绿色的卷心莴苣，一些粉红色的西红柿，卷心菜和玉米穗。然而，有很多小黛比零食蛋糕和苏打水。有些人附近只有便利店。
6. Not willing to change and try new food - my daughter often deals with
diabetes patients who need to lose weight. She will sign them up for
nutrition programs they did not participate in. They don't want to
switch starchy or fried foods to green leafy vegetables. Their taste
buds are not accustomed to any changes or flavors. Salt is the most
popular seasoning there!
6. 不愿意改变和尝试新的食物-我女儿经常与需要减肥的糖尿病患者打交道。她会为他们报名参加他们没有参加的营养项目。他们不想把淀粉类食物或油炸食品换成绿叶蔬菜。他们的味觉不习惯任何变化或味道。盐是那里最受欢迎的调味料!
7. Water has never been a choice for people - the consumption of soda
water in the United States is not real. I have been drinking water every
meal since I was young, but I know some people don't like the taste of
water and only drink soda and carbonated drinks!
7. 水从来都不是人们的选择——苏打水的消费量在美国是不真实的。我从小到大每餐都喝水，但我知道有些人不喜欢水的味道，只喝苏打水和碳酸饮料!
Returning to China, some answers mentioned that being greasy is not just
the oil you can see, it's true. But another reason is that China is
very large, and the food in different places/provinces is completely
different.
再说回中国，一些回答提到，油腻不仅仅是你能看到的油，这是真的。但另一个原因是中国很大，不同的地方/省份的食物完全不同。
For example, in the south, such as Guangdong, Zhejiang, Fujian, and
other places, the food is very light, people love to drink soup, use
very little oil to stir fry, and the dishes in restaurants are not
greasy at all. People living in these places are indeed slimmer than
those living in other places.
例如，在南方，如广东、浙江、福建等地，食物很清淡，人们爱喝汤，炒菜时用油很少，餐馆里的菜也一点也不油腻。住在这些地方的人确实比住在其他地方的人苗条。
In northern China, such as Shandong and Beijing, you can say that the
food is very greasy, and it does contain high calories, which can make
people fat. In fact, people living in these places have a higher obesity
rate than those living in the south.
在中国的北方，比如山东，北京等，你可以说食物很油腻，而且它确实含有高热量，会让人发胖。事实上，生活在这些地方的人比生活在南方的人有更高的肥胖率。
However, due to China's vast territory, some reports may overlook the
full picture of this issue, and I believe that China has not conducted
an official survey on the "obesity rate". Therefore, when it comes to
the obesity rate in the United States, there is no comparability.
但是由于中国幅员辽阔，一些报道可能会忽略这一问题的全貌，而且我认为中国并没有对“肥胖率”进行官方调查，所以说到美国的肥胖比例，是没有可比性的。
德国网友克里斯的回答
To understand this, you need to understand the 'Positive Motivation
Theory'. Fundamentally, this indicates that our motivation to eat is due
to the 'positive motivational value' of food, mainly due to
expectations of food taste. Foods high in sugar, fat, and salt have high
motivational value. This is because these foods are high in energy and
contain essential minerals and micronutrients. Both of these factors
mean that these foods help us survive.
为了理解这个，你需要理解"积极激励理论"。“从根本上说，这表明我们吃东西的动机是由于食物的‘积极激励价值’，这主要是由于对食物味道的预期。”高糖、高脂肪和高盐的食物具有很高的激励价值。这是因为这些食物能量高，含有必需的矿物质和微量营养素。这两个因素都意味着这些食物有助于我们生存。
This only makes sense when you first look at how these positive
incentives arise. Before industrialization, the food supply in any
normal natural environment was unpredictable. Therefore, it makes sense
to eat foods high in fat, salt, and sugar, as these foods can help you
live long enough until you find sufficient food supply next time.
Because you only occasionally find food, these positive motivational
values will persuade you to eat as much as possible at any given time to
help you survive until the next time you find food. This will also make
you emphasize hunting/gathering first, as you will expect the delicious
food.
只有当你首先看看这些积极激励是如何出现的时候，这才说得通。在工业化之前，任何正常的自然环境下的食物供应都是不可预测的。因此，吃高脂肪、高盐和高糖的食物是有道理的，因为这些食物可以帮助你活得足够长，直到你下次找到充足的食物供应。因为你只是偶尔才能找到食物，这些积极的激励值会说服你在任何给定的时间尽可能多地吃这些食物，以帮助你生存到下一次找到食物。这也会让你首先强调狩猎/采集，因为你会期待食物的美味。
The second mechanism related to this issue is the "satiety" mechanism.
In layman's terms, this means' feeling full '. In the theory of positive
motivation, when the positive motivational value of food decreases
during meals, a feeling of fullness occurs. The more you eat, the lower
the motivational value of food. This situation can occur in general
foods, but it can also occur in specific foods. If you are eating a
certain food, the positive motivational value of another food may still
be quite high. This is useful because it encourages a balanced diet,
which means you can get all the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and
minerals.
与这个问题相关的第二个机制是“饱腹感”机制。用外行人的话来说，这意味着“感觉饱了”。在积极激励理论中，当食物的积极激励价值在用餐过程中减少时，就会产生饱腹感。你吃得越多，食物的激励价值就越低。一般的食物都会出现这种情况，但特定的食物也会出现这种情况。如果你正在吃某种食物，另一种食物的积极激励价值可能仍然相当高。这是有用的，因为它鼓励均衡饮食，这意味着你可以获得所有必需的营养，维生素和矿物质。
The problem in modern society is that food supply is no longer
unpredictable. Our evolution has not yet caught up with our
industrialized society, as industrialization is relatively a very rapid
process. As long as we want, we can always get food, and we have as much
as we want. Due to the high motivational value of high fat and sugar
foods, we consume them in large quantities. Of course, we all know that
these foods can lead to obesity and related health problems. But it's
hard to resist because our biology tells us that we need these foods!
现代社会的问题是，食物供应不再是不可预测的。我们的进化还没有赶上我们的工业化社会，因为相对而言，工业化是一个非常迅速的过程。只要我们想要，我们随时都能得到食物，我们想要多少就有多少。由于高脂肪含糖食物的高激励价值，我们大量食用这些食物。当然，我们都知道，这些食物会导致肥胖和相关的健康问题。但这很难抗拒，因为我们的生物学告诉我们，我们需要这些食物!
What is the specific relationship between this and the United States?
Well, the United States is the center of fast food in the world. Fast
food culture is very popular in the United States. You have the most
fast food restaurants in the world. How much do we know about these fast
food restaurants? They sell high fat and high sugar foods at low prices
at any time of the day! This is a dangerous combination. When we want
it, we can get any unhealthy food we want. Our bodies tell us through
positive motivational values that we want these foods, so we eat them.
This leads to obesity because we no longer have unpredictable issues.
这与美国具体有什么关系?嗯，美国是世界快餐的中心。快餐文化在美国很盛行。你们拥有世界上最多的快餐店。我们对这些快餐店了解多少?他们在一天中的任何时候都以低价出售高脂肪和高糖的食品!这是一个危险的组合。当我们想要的时候，我们可以得到我们想要的任何不健康的食物。我们的身体通过积极的激励价值观告诉我们，我们想要这些食物，所以我们吃了它们。这导致了肥胖，因为我们不再有不可预测性的问题。
The fact related to this is how many choices there are for different
fast food restaurants and different foods in any restaurant. As
mentioned earlier, when the incentive value of one food decreases, the
incentive value of another food remains relatively high. Full of salty
and greasy fried chicken? Don't worry, you can still eat sugary
milkshakes or carbohydrate fries.
与此相关的事实是，在任何一家餐馆里，不同的快餐店和不同的食物有多少选择。如前所述，当一种食物的激励价值降低时，另一种食物的激励价值仍然相对较高。满满的咸腻的炸鸡?别担心，你还是可以吃含糖奶昔或碳水化合物薯条的。
The availability, low cost, and accessibility of unhealthy food are
issues here. As a person living in the UK (also a very obese country),
you can easily see how the convenience of eating fast food outweighs the
health benefits of spending time cooking a healthy meal. Especially
because your body tells you that you want these unhealthy foods!
不健康食品的可得性、低成本和可及性是这里的问题。作为一个生活在英国(也是一个非常肥胖的国家)的人，你可以很容易地看到，吃快餐的方便是如何超过花时间做一顿健康餐的健康益处的。特别是因为你的身体告诉你，你想要这些不健康的食物!
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